Substations function as the interface between the power plant and the electrical grid. The electrical power is produced at the power stations which are located at favorable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumers through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many places in the line of the power system, it may be desirable and necessary to change some characteristics of electric supply (voltage, A.C. to D.C., frequency, P.F.…etc.). This is accomplished by suitable arrangement called substation.
Transformer substations consisting of one or more transformers with associated switchgears, protective gear and control panels are required where transmission lines terminate or where power is transformed between two levels. Transformer substation equipment includes bus bars, transformers, H.V transmission lines and cables entrances, M.V feeders and switchgears.
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